Investigation of the RTN Distribution of nanoscale MOS devices from subthreshold to on-state

This letter presents a numerical investigation of the statistical distribution of the random telegraph noise (RTN) amplitude in nanoscale MOS devices, focusing on the change of its main features when moving from the subthreshold to the on-state conduction regime. Results show that while the distribution can be well approximated by an exponential behavior in subthreshold, large deviations from this behavior appear when moving toward the on-state regime, despite a low probability exponential tail at high RTN amplitudes being preserved. The average value of the distribution is shown to keep an inverse proportionality to channel area, while the slope of the high-amplitude exponential tail changes its dependence on device width, length, and doping when moving from subthreshold to on-state

Investigating stress in commuting university students

Commuting can be considered as a chronic stressor, since it is often experienced as an unpleasant condition which negatively impacts on the individual psychological, physical and social well-being. Stress becomes dysfunctional and pathological when the individual negatively appraise specific situations. According to the National Institute for Statistics (ISTAT) commuters are people daily travelling out of their residence town for working or studying purposes irrespectively of the distance covered or the mean travel duration. To date, the most studies have been focused on stress among commuting workers; however, it is noteworthy that students represent a wide proportion of commuting population in Italy (about the 23%, conforming to a survey carried out by CENSIS, Centro Studi Investimenti Sociali). In consideration of these data, it is important to cast light on the consequences of commuting on students\u2019 skills and psycho-physical well-being. Present study was aimed at investigating stress among commuting university students, in order to provide answers for some important questions: does commuting affect students\u2019 performance? Does commuting affect daily psychological and physical well-being? What are the commuting characteristics mainly involved in affecting student\u2019s performance and well-being? Three-thousand three-hundred and fifteen commuting students attending the University of Palermo enrolled the study. Non valid data (inconsistent answers) were excluded from the analyses and the final sample consisted of 2949 participants: 60.1% (N = 1773) were females and 39.9% (N = 1176) were males. All students provided socio-anagraphic data and completed an ad hoc self-report questionnaire comprising 20 items. A section of the questionnaire was aimed at collecting information concerning daily commuting, such as place of study (inside or outside the town of residence), estimated daily covered distance, etc. The other section was developed to investigate how commuting students appraise their commuting condition; it investigates three areas: perception of commuting, psycho-physical well-being and disease associated with commuting stressors. The main finding of present study highlights the existence of important differences between commuting students on the basis of means of transportation. It emerged that those using public transports (train, bus, metro) reported a more negative evaluation of their commuting and lower psycho-physical well-being levels than those travelling by private transports. In particular, students travelling by motorcycle described their daily commuting as positive and reported good psycho-physical conditions when arriving at university. This result is in line with previous literature indicating that control and predictability are important subjective factors which mediate the relationship between commuting and stress. People using public transports usually face with uncontrollable events (for example delays or crowding) which facilitate a negative appraisal of commuting. When this is chronically experienced, it may lead to stress and thus lack of energy, irritability, negative mood and difficulties in concentration. All these factors can negatively impact on student\u2019 performance

LO STATO PSICO - FISICO NEGLI STUDENTI UNIVERSITARI PENDOLARI

Lo stress \ue8 un insieme di modificazioni fisiologiche, cognitive, emotive e comportamentali di cui l\u2019individuo ha esperienza nel momento in cui \ue8 richiesto un adattamento alle circostanze ambientali presenti: si configura pertanto come una reazione generale a situazioni specifiche e, non ha una connotazione positiva o negativa, svolgendo primariamente una funzione di tipo adattivo. Ci\uf2 che rende disfunzionale e \u201cpatologico\u201d lo stress \ue8 il modo in cui l\u2019individuo valuta la situazione con la quale si trova a rapportarsi: in questi casi si parla pertanto di distress, ovvero \u201cstress negativo\u201d (Selye, 1956). Gli stimoli e le situazioni che, valutate negativamente, determinano una reazione di distress sono definiti stressors; questi possono essere acuti (si verificano una sola volta e per un periodo limitato di tempo) oppure cronici (di lunga durata). A loro volta, gli stressors cronici possono essere intermittenti o propriamente cronici. Nel primo caso, si presentano a intervalli di tempo regolari, hanno una durata limitata e perci\uf2 sono pi\uf9 o meno prevedibili; nel secondo, invece, sono rappresentati da situazioni di lunga durata, che permeano la vita dell\u2019individuo e che diventano stressanti nel momento in cui ostacolano in maniera persistente il perseguimento degli obiettivi della persona. Due sono le reazioni fisiologiche principali che caratterizzano la risposta di stress: muscolari (tensione muscolare o immobilizzazione) e neurovegetative (dovute a un\u2019eccessiva stimolazione del Sistema Nervoso Autonomo simpatico). Gli effetti di queste reazioni fisiologiche, andando a combinarsi con quella che \ue8 l\u2019interpretazione che la persona da della situazione e la propria esperienza emotiva, determinano alcuni dei principali sintomi riferiti legati allo stress: emicrania, tachicardia, iperventilazione, difficolt\ue0 di concentrazione, umore depresso, irritabilit\ue0, stanchezza, affaticamento

Bis[4-amino-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl-κN)benzene­sulfonamidato-κN](4,4′-di­methyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)cadmium dimethyl­formamide disolvate

In the title compound, [Cd(C10H9N4O2S)2(C12H12N2)]·2C3H7NO, the CdII ion lies on a twofold rotation axis, is six-coordinated by N atoms, and displays a trigonal–prismatic geometry arising from the two sulfadiazinate ligands and one 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand. Both ligands are bidentate and coordinate via their N atoms. The O and carbonyl C atoms of the dimethyl­formamide mol­ecule show disorder and were modelled with two different orientations and with site occupancies of 0.584 (10):0.416 (10). The geometry around the sulfadiazine S atom is distorted tetra­hedral. The crystal structure involves N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which link mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. Weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are also observed

Design, synthesis and biological activity of selective hCAs inhibitors based on 2-(benzylsulfinyl)benzoic acid scaffold

A large library of derivatives based on the scaffold of 2-(benzylsulfinyl)benzoic acid were synthesised and tested as atypical inhibitors against four different isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA I, II, IX and XII, EC 4.2.1.1). The exploration of the chemical space around the main functional groups led to the discovery of selective hCA IX inhibitors in the micromolar/nanomolar range, thus establishing robust structure-activity relationships within this versatile scaffold. HPLC separation of some selected chiral compounds and biological evaluation of the corresponding enantiomers was performed along with molecular modelling studies on the most active derivatives